名师解析 雅思阅读考试中summary 的解题思路
雅思阅读考试中的无词库summary(无词库摘要填空) 是填空题中出题率最高的一种题型，环球雅思阅读考试名师为大家介绍了summary 的解题思路，大家可以参考学习。 summary我们通过五个步骤来解决：1，审题：审清目要求，明确段落信息和字数要求
2，预测：空格内所填词性和具体信息
3，定位：题目在文中位置
4，填空：从定位处找到答案填写
5，检查：同义转换
1，审题
Questions 24-27
Complete the summary of thelast two paragraphs of Reading Passage 2.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWOWORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes24-27 on your answer sheet.
Much of the work ofarchaeologists can be done using written records but they find 24…… equally valuable. The writer describes archaeology as both a 25…… and a 26…… . However, as archaeologists donot try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style ofworking to that of a 27…… .
这道题目的题干当中的段落信息是the last twoparagraphs, 出题范围是最后两段;字数要求是nomore than two words,因此答案在一个或者两个单词之间。
2，预测
空格填的单词只能是实词：名词，动词，形容词，副词，数词， 其中以名词和动词为主;
不填虚词：介词(eg. in, at) 连词(e.g. and, or) 代词(e.g. he she) 冠词(e.g. the an a)
名词
常出现位置：
1，冠词后
2，指示代词后
3，句首做主语
4，介词后
5，动词后做宾语
预测为名词之后，要继续预测可否可数，单数还是复数，大写还是小写，积极的还是消极的
动词
常出现位置：
1，两个名词之间
2，have/has/had之后接动词过去分词
3，be动词之后接动词过去分词
4，介词前
预测为动词之后，要继续预测动词的时态(原形?分词?单三?)语态(主动?被动?)
形容词副词
常出现位置：
形容词：在名词前后
副词：动词之后
预测为形容词或副词之后，要继续预测它可能包含几个音节，积极还是消极含义，什么程度(原形? 比较级?最高级?)
3，定位
定位分为两步：粗定位和细定位
粗定位有两种方法
A. 标题
B. 首句
C. 卡位
A. 标题
如果有标题，带着标题回到文中扫描各段首句首行找到出题段。我们来看剑7test3passage1的填空
Ants as farmers
Ants have sophisticatedmethods of farming, including herding livestock and growing crops, which are inmany ways similar to those used in human agriculture. The ants cultivate alarge number of different species of edible fungi which convert 7 ………… into a form which they can digest. They use their own natural 8 ………… as weed-killers and also use unwanted materials as 9 ………… . Genetic analysis shows they constantly upgrade these fungi bydeveloping new species and by 10 ………… species withneighbouring ant colonies. In fact, the farming methods of ants could be saidto be more advanced than human agribusiness, since they use 11 ………… methods, they do not affect the 12 ………… anddo not waste 13 ………… .
带着题目ants as farmers 回到文章中扫描各段首句
Or have they? The farmingmethods of ants are at least sustainable. They do not ruin environments or useenormous amounts of energy. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that the cropfarming of ants may be more sophisticated and adaptable than was thought.
Ants were farmers fiftymillion years before humans were. Ants can't digest the cellulose in leaves -but some fungi can. The ants therefore cultivate these fungi in their nests,bringing them leaves to feed on, and then use them as a source of food. Farmerants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as ‘weeds', and spread waste to fertilise the crop.
发现第四段首行出现了farming和ants,第五段首行出现了ants和farmers,所以题目集中在这两段。
B. 首句
如果没有标题，则通过首句来粗定位大概出题位置，我们看到剑5test1passage1 的summary
Questions 4-7
Complete the summary.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWOWORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes4-7 on your answer sheet.
In 1764 Dr Johnson acceptedthe contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret, he took on anumber of 4 …………, who stood at a long central desk.Johnson did not have a 5 ………… available to him, buteventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80large notebooks. On publication, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in manyEuropean countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell,Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring 6 ………… to the English language. As a reward for his hard work, he wasgranted a 7 ………… by the king.
这道题没有标题，题干当中也并没与段落信息，于是我们通过首句来定位，首句当中定位词划1764，不能划Dr Johnson这个文章主题词， 带着1764回文中找，发现在第四段出现，根据顺序原则，所有的空都从1764往后来找。
Johnson was a poet andcritic who raised common sense to the heights of genius. His approach to theproblems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and earlyeighteenth centuries was intensely practical. Up until his time, the task ofproducing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without theestablishment of an academy to make decisions about right and wrong usage.Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language;he would write a dictionary himself; and he would do it single-handed. Johnsonsigned the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at abreakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holborn Bar on 18 June 1764. Hewas to be paid ￡1,575 in instalments, and from this hetook money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop’.
C .卡位(参见题型特点1)
4，填写
在定位处找到符合预测的答案形式进行填写
5. 检查
检查题目含义与文章含义是否一致，检查的目标是同义转换。先看空格两边有些什么样的单词，你找到的答案两边有些什么样的单词，是否构成同义转换
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