【财经要闻】
阿尔巴尼斯总理近日再谈住房可负担性：多重政策组合加每套新房1.5万现金奖励 加大房屋供应端以提升住房保障
随着澳洲住房危机愈演愈烈，住房可负担性成为澳大利亚政府及民众日益关切的话题。
上周，澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯（Anthony Albanese， Prime Minister of Australia） 在接受ABC澳广电台采访时表达了对澳洲住房可负担性的关切，并谈及了一系列政府旨在改善住房危机而推出或正在考虑中的政策计划，包括激励各州政府住房建设、激励私营部门“建造出租”计划以及住房密度增加考量等。
在谈到住房建设目标时，阿尔巴尼斯称，面对当前的住房短缺危机，联邦政府正在持续推进工党政策计划，从供应端入手以改善住房可负担性。
去年8月，澳大利亚联邦政府宣布其在自2024年中期起的五年内建设120万套新住房的目标，这意味着在其之前目标上再新增了20万套住房。（延伸阅读《澳洲计划五年内提供120万套新住房提高可负担性》）
与此同时，联邦政府还承诺，为计划新增的20万套住房提供总计30亿澳元的“奖励金”，即各州在为完成此前100万套新房计划下各自新房建设目标的前提下，每新建一套住房便可获得15,000澳元的“奖励金”。
阿尔巴尼斯在接受ABC澳广电台采访时强调称，上述30亿澳元的“奖励金”将在拟资助住房目标实现时才会发放。这意味着联邦政府期望各州能够进行“竞赛”式住房建设，建设速度越快者获得“奖励金”越多。
阿尔巴尼斯同时提及联邦政府对“建造出租”住房计划的激励。他称，“这将在全国范围内产生影响。我们需要联邦、州和地方各级政府与私营部门合作，以实现这一目标结果。”
图片说明：一揽子解决住房可负担性是澳洲总理阿尔巴尼斯及工党政府当下及未来几年目标和工作重心之一。
(来源： Facebook)
据仲量联行（JLL）数据，截至去年9月，澳大利亚“建造出租”公寓在建或拟建数量出现大幅增长。而MSCI Real Assets的数据显示海外投资者在该市场的表现分外活跃。（延伸阅读《澳大利亚“建造出租”市场蓬勃发展 海外投资者为重要推动力量》）
除以政策激励措施来加快住房建设外，阿尔巴尼斯还表示“应该在悉尼的某些地区增加住房密度并进行适当开发”。在此话题下，阿尔巴尼斯将“帕拉马塔路”（Parramatta Road）作为谈论案例，称该路沿途密度的增加将提高宜居性。
至此，澳洲政府为解决住房危机已推出多重措施并正在考量更多其它有效政策，而这一问题正如阿尔巴尼斯所言，尚需多方力量的合作来达成预期效果，在接受ABC澳广访谈时，阿尔巴尼斯总理亦谈及物价和减税等。
去年以来，面对通胀和持续的加息，越来越多的澳洲民众感受到生活成本上涨带来的压力。ACB News 《澳华财经在线》编辑团队留意到，阿尔巴尼斯的工党政府，目前在认证考虑各种政策选项，以切实缓解降低民众面临的生活成本高企困扰。
2024年，ACB News 《澳华财经在线》相关报道将持续跟踪关注澳大利亚房地产政策动向、市场变化及澳洲住房可负担性话题。
附：ABC 澳广对阿尔巴尼斯总理访谈原文
SARAH MACDONALD, HOST: The Prime Minister of Australia, Anthony Albanese, is with me in the studio on ABC Radio Sydney. Good morning.
ANTHONY ALBANESE, PRIME MINISTER: Good morning, great to be here.
MACDONALD: We just heard something about your electorate and that is that it could be ten tonnes of contaminated mulch at Rozelle Parklands. It's closed already, as soon as it opened. We've been covering this story. What's your response?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, I'm shocked by these revelations and I don't understand how it can be that it wasn't foreseen.
MACDONALD: It was tested twice.
PRIME MINISTER: It's just extraordinary. The people of Rozelle and that local community were essentially given this parkland as compensation, in part for the disruption that occurred during the construction of WestConnex. That went for a long period of time. So it was, how do we have something that's lasting, a legacy that's positive? We know that kids, frankly, don't have enough parkland and ovals. All of the football teams like Balmain, particularly in both young girls and young boys playing soccer, football, just don't have enough ovals. This was seen as a plus as well as just recreational space. And the fact that it's closed is really disappointing. And I want to make sure that the appropriate authorities get on top of this really quickly, clean it up once and for all so that the people of the Inner West and others visiting can have access to this open space.
MACDONALD: Well, they've been ordered to clean it up by the 29 February. Would you like it to go much faster?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, I think getting it cleaned up properly needs to be the priority because people's safety is essential. So, I think that's a reasonable time frame. But they need to make sure they stick to it. They need to make sure that they can give those assurances to families. You don't want your young boy or girl playing in a playground that's risky to them. You want it to be a positive experience. And certainly the Parklands there, there's bike tracks, it's a really positive thing that has occurred, arising out of that construction activity and I just want people to have access to it as soon as possible because open space is a real priority.
MACDONALD: Open space is important, yeah. And at the same time, we're having this huge push for more housing in Sydney and in NSW. The Premier conceding yesterday we just can't meet the targets for new housing this year under the State and the Federal Housing Accord. Are those targets you set out achievable?
PRIME MINISTER: Yes, they are, because they're targets over the decade. And Chris Minns is from a starting point, which is way behind because we haven't had appropriate planning mechanisms in place. We need to make sure that we get all different forms of affordable housing. We have our Social Housing Accelerator. NSW benefited with more than $600 million for that. This week I was with the Premier in Northmead announcing renewables going onto the roofs of social housing to make their energy bills cheaper.
MACDONALD: That's for social housing, though. But the 75,000 this year pretty much won't happen because they're only just starting to get the processes of the planning through. Will the state still get the funding though, if we don't achieve those targets?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, the state funding for the targets is when it's met at the end. We put $3 billion on the table as an incentive, if you like, a bit like the way that competition payments used to work for all the states and territories to meet their targets. And I'm confident that we can work constructively with NSW to do so. There are areas of Sydney that should be subject to increased density and appropriate development. I mean, Parramatta Road for years and years and years has been spoken about. An increased density in that community will increase liveability, just like in my local community there's a great example, the old Marrickville hospital site that now has the Marrickville Library, has more open space, a coffee shop underneath, has appropriate development and housing that's quality. All private sector, but with some of it affordable, that's made a big difference.
MACDONALD: You'll be getting more in the Marrickville area of the new density that's coming for Sydney. But Paul Scully who's the Planning Minister for NSW told me yesterday that he would like some of the money from the Federal State Accord upfront for some of the infrastructure, such as the water and the sewerage and the drainage. Is he dreaming? Will you give NSW some cash up front?
PRIME MINISTER: No, we provide other funding of course for infrastructure separate for this, but we have very much that incentive. That's a national agreement as part of National Cabinet, and that is an incentive for states and territories, essentially, to be rewarded for meeting their targets. That amount of money will be carved up. If only one state wins the race to meet their targets, then that state will receive all of the funding.
MACDONALD: So it's a race?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, it is a race to fix up housing in this country. We know that it's had a real impact and that's why we had measures in the Budget, including the incentive for the private sector for Build to Rent Schemes as well. Now, the Property Council estimates that that will result itself in the building of between 150 and 250,000 dwellings. That will make a difference right around the country. We need all levels of government, federal, state and local, to work together with the private sector to achieve this outcome. Because we know that for many, younger people in particular, what they say to me is the big thing they're concerned about, and parents are concerned about for their kids as well, is that they'll never be able to own a home - and part of that is about supply. Supply is the key.
MACDONALD: Well, and cost. It’s hugely expensive. Are you going to have to buy your son a house in Sydney?
PRIME MINISTER: The relationship is between supply and cost. There's a direct relationship there. We don't have enough housing and that puts upward pressure on prices which means that people can't afford to buy a house but it also puts upward pressure on rents. And that's why supply is so critical.
MACDONALD: It's twenty minutes to nine on ABC Radio Sydney. Sarah McDonald with you, with the Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese. The monthly fall in jobs we heard about yesterday could be good for interest rates, but it's still very expensive at the shops. The groceries are so expensive. Do you speak to the CEO of, say, Woolies and Coles about this? I know you've got Craig Emerson out on this and various inquiries, but do you give them a call?
PRIME MINISTER: I certainly have had discussions with all of the major supermarket chains.
MACDONALD: What do you say?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, what I say is that people expect that lower prices that they're paying for goods be passed on to consumers. What they expect is to pay the cheapest possible price at the checkout because people are doing it tough. And that's why we have a range of measures in place. There's the ACCC, and we'll have more to say about that as Gina reports back to us, the head of the ACCC. We also have Dr Craig Emerson and the work that he's doing over whether the current voluntary code of conduct needs to have an element of mandating to it. And the third is the Senate Inquiry as well, allowing people to come forward. I think for many farmers as well, who are getting less dollars for the goods that they're selling and aren't seeing that being priced on.
MACDONALD: Yes. That's $4 a kilo for lamb though, that then may be sold for $36 a kilo at the supermarket.
PRIME MINISTER: Exactly. There's something wrong there.
MACDONALD: Yeah. Do we need more sticks, less carrots?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, that is precisely what we are considering doing, and we'll take all of the recommendations seriously. And I've said if the ACCC asks for more powers, then my government will give it to them.
MACDONALD: You're on ABC Radio Sydney with the Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in the studio. There are calls to stop the Stage Three Tax Cuts coming in this year. Are they definitely, absolutely, going ahead as written and planned?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, of course there will be tax cuts. We'll go ahead in July. We haven't changed our position. The current legislation that's been passed says that those tax cuts begin at $45,000 a year. One of the perceptions which is there is that somehow all of it is at the top end. That, of course, isn't the case.
MACDONALD: Will you modify it to be less at the top end and more towards the bottom end?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, we haven't changed our position on what has been legislated.
MACDONALD: Will you change your position?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, we haven't changed our position, I've said that very consistently the whole way through. I've used the same language the whole way through here because we think that tax cuts putting more money in people's pockets is a good thing. We have been responsible economically. We produced the first budget surplus in fifteen years and we in MYEFO, the midyear economic forecast we produced in December, also showed an improved budget position from what we anticipated in December. Now all of this is aimed at how do we provide cost of living relief to take pressure off families whilst continuing to put that downward pressure on inflation? And the figures we released this month showing inflation falling to 4.3% was good news. We need to make it fall even further, though. And we're engaged -
MACDONALD: But you're not going to change them at all?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, we're engaged in a war on inflation.
MACDONALD: Yes, but could they be inflationary if they're going forward.
PRIME MINISTER: Peter Dutton is engaged in a war against Woolworths it seems, and against Kmart and against other stores. It's bizarre how he thinks that inflation will be improved by having, largely one of the issues in this country is we have largely a duopoly of Woolworths and Coles, he seemingly wants it to be a monopoly. That won't do anything to help inflation or to help prices or to help the cost of living, which is the major concern that people have. So that is, our focus is on cost of living. We think that with regard to inflation and the tax cuts, that's been factored in by the Reserve Bank and by the Treasury.
MACDONALD: So they are going ahead as planned, okay. Sixteen minutes to nine on ABC Radio Sydney. We've been hearing Penny Wong, she's been in Israel and the Middle East and I asked you in October, I think it was October 8 if our support for Israel was unconditional. Since then we've had 1% of the population of Gaza die. Where do you stand on that question now?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, the existence of the state of Israel is completely unconditional.
MACDONALD: No, but our support for their -
PRIME MINISTER: Well, we have been very clear from day one with the resolution that was carried in the Parliament that we value every life, whether it be Israeli or Palestinian. And too many innocent people have lost their lives during this conflict by Hamas's terrorist action on October 7, and by too many innocent people in Gaza have lost their lives. There's been too many children and people who are not enemies of Israel, who don't seek the destruction of Israel, which is what Hamas's objectives are. So we need to be consistent about this, and we have been. The resolution passed by the Parliament with the support of both major parties spoke about the need for international law to be upheld, the need for every innocent life to be valued and protected. We think long term, and one of the things that Penny Wong's been stating very quickly, we don't have different messages to different groups. Our position is that we very much support -
MACDONALD: Your phone's going off. Is that Penny Wong on the phone? I’m heading home now.
PRIME MINISTER: It's Linda Burney, the Indigenous Affairs Minister.
MACDONALD: Hi, Linda Burney.
PRIME MINISTER: Hi, Linda Burney, why aren't you listening to 702?
MACDONALD: She should be.
PRIME MINISTER: Our position is very clear that we want a long term political solution here with Israelis and Palestinians able to live side by side in peace and security. And one of the things that I'm concerned about is the disruption to our harmonious society here. I don't want people to bring some of the conflict here. I think that we -
MACDONALD: Well, that's the thing, NSW is looking at hate speech and we're having a review into this.
PRIME MINISTER: As they should.
MACDONALD: There's rising sort of concern, distress, upset and antagonism in the community.
PRIME MINISTER: Well, there is rising antisemitism, we've also seen Islamophobia. And hate has no role to play here. Hate ends up in conflict and taking us into dark places. And I'm firmly of the view that part of the great Australian project is our success as a microcosm for the world. That people of Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Catholic, of no faith can live side by side as they do in my local community, in harmony.
MACDONALD: Prime Minister, while I've got you here. The ABC has rejected any claim it's been influenced by external pressure in a case underway at the Fair Work Commission connected to this very program on ABC Radio Sydney. Are you worried about pressure on the ABC's independence and its complaint procedure in response to any pressure?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, we support very much the editorial and operational independence of the ABC. There's legal responses underway, so I certainly won't be commenting on them because that's not appropriate. But my government is a strong supporter of the ABC. We've increased our funding for the ABC and part of our cherishing of this great institution is its independence. And that's really important because at a time where -
MACDONALD: Yeah but by that, do you think that there should be, in terms of the official complaint procedures, are you happy with how they work?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, that's a matter for the ABC, not a matter for me to do a running commentary on.
MACDONALD: I know you've got to go. You and I are not allowed to have too many personal opinions expressed in our job. We keep them very careful. I have one country music, I can't really cope. It's my kryptonite. I don't quite get it. Your thoughts briefly, before you head off?
PRIME MINISTER: I think the Tamworth Country Music Festival is one of Australia's great events. It's fantastic.
MACDONALD: You're a little bit country and a little bit rock and roll.
PRIME MINISTER: Look, I'm largely a rock and roll guy and an indie rock and roll guy. But a few years ago when I was the Transport Minister, I intervened to give Dolly Parton's tour the go ahead. She was going to cancel the tour, and it was worth in excess of $30 million, tickets had already been sold.
MACDONALD: What did you do?
PRIME MINISTER: Well, Dolly Parton doesn't like flying around.
MACDONALD: Right.
PRIME MINISTER: So, she has a bus that is larger than the regulations and the bureaucrats say is allowed on NSW roads and on roads in Australia. So I intervened and said, for goodness sake, surely going from A to B with Dolly Parton's bus, that I got to have a look inside. It's a bit more than a bus, she lives in there basically. It's quite luxurious, but it's longer and wider than a normal bus here. And so I intervened as the federal Transport Minister and her tour went ahead and I got to meet Dolly and to go to her gig there out at Homebush. And I've got to say, it was fantastic. She is a great entertainer. And so happy birthday, Dolly.
MACDONALD: 78 today. Thanks so much for your time. Next time, come in and take some calls.
PRIME MINISTER: Thanks very much.
薪酬沟壑：澳洲ASX上市公司董事长最高薪酬涨幅超40%
据《澳大利亚人报》整理的薪酬数据，上一财年澳大利亚前50家ASX上市公司董事长的平均薪酬上涨了近6%。
数据显示，大约17名董事长在上一财年获得了两位数的薪酬涨幅。其中获得最大加薪幅度最大的是时任Newcrest董事长的Peter Tomsett，其薪酬涨幅高达41%。
与此同时，大约30名董事长的法定总收入高于澳大利亚总理阿尔巴尼斯的549,250澳元，其中包括基本工资、短期和长期奖励、奖金及其它收入。
其中薪酬最高的是ResMed董事长Mick Farrell，其总薪酬较上一年高出17%，达到约21,58.5万澳元。薪酬排名第二的是Qantas和Woodside董事长Richard Goyder，其在两家公司的总薪酬达到约156万澳元。
其他高薪主席包括BHP必和必拓董事长Ken Mackenzie，其薪酬上涨了3.5%至146.7万澳元，以及Fortescue董事会副主席Mark Barnaba，其薪酬为约126.5万澳元。
（图表来源：TheAustralian）
而根据澳大利亚统计局（ABS）发布的最新数据，在截至2023年5月份的一年里，所有澳大利亚员工的平均周收入增长了3.9%至1400澳元，其中全职员工的平均每周收入约为1840澳元。该数据意味着普通员工与公司高层之间的收入沟壑正在进一步拉大。
悉尼独立房屋价格有望三年攀升16% 公寓价格涨幅或超23%
咨询机构澳大利亚牛津经济研究院（Oxford Economics Australia）发布报告称，受降息预期和库存短缺的影响，预计未来三年悉尼独立房屋的价格将上涨约16%。随着购房者寻求更便宜的住房，公寓的价格涨幅预计将达到23%以上，超过独立住宅的价格涨幅。
该机构还表示，去年悉尼房价中位数大幅反弹10.3%之后，预计2024财年悉尼独立房屋的价格将上涨3.3%，公寓价格将上涨5.2%。在随后的2025年和2026财年，预计悉尼独立房屋的价格将每年上涨5.9%，公寓价格每年上涨8.3%。
昆州电力需求或创历史纪录 批发电价达到上限
昆州能源部长Mick de Brenni周一表示，在持续热浪的影响下，预计昆州电力需求将在周一晚些时候飙升至历史最高水平，但电力供应足以满足需求。
据预测，储备发电量将低于理想状态下所需要的水平，但澳大利亚能源市场运营机构（AEMO）在周一发布的预警仍处于最低水平，因而不需要紧急供应电力。
昆州大部分地区正遭受严重的热浪侵袭。周日晚间，昆州的电力需求已经激增至接近历史纪录的水平，约为 10,000 兆瓦，导致批发价格飙升至每兆瓦时16,600 澳元的上限价格。
2024年春运预计跨区域人员流动量达90亿人次
据中新经纬报道，国新办16日就2024年春运形势及工作安排举行发布会。综合运输春运工作专班副组长、交通运输部副部长李扬在会上透露，春运期间大概有90亿人次出游、探亲、休闲等，这有可能创历史新高。
李扬介绍，今年春运是1月26日-3月5日，一共40天。今年的春运有以下四个主要特点：
第一，全社会跨区域人员流动量将创历史新高。根据预测，40天内大概有90亿人次出游、探亲、休闲等，这有可能创历史新高。
第二，春运发生了结构性变化。传统营业性运输，包括铁路、公路、民航、水运客运出行人次预计大概是18亿人次，其余80%都将是自驾车出行，因此自驾车出行将创历史新高。
第三，春运期间保通保畅压力较大。春运期间，有的地方需要保暖保供能源物资的运输，春运期间也是市场最活跃的。在购物等各方面，民生物资供销两旺，还有的地方已经开始了春耕生产，各种货物的流动叠加在一起，保通保畅压力非常大。
第四，安全生产压力非常大，是个挑战。“我们非常希望通过我们的努力，让大家一路平安、回家过年。”因此，今年推出的春运主题就是“平安春运、便捷春运、温馨春运”。
李扬表示，春运关系我们千家万户，关系大家美好生活，党中央、国务院高度重视。经国务院领导同意，交通运输部牵头成立了综合运输春运工作专班。综合运输春运工作专班将全力以赴、履职尽责，让老百姓能够真正出行平安、回家过年，过一个快乐祥和美好的节日。(中新经纬APP)
新能源汽车辐射强？没有科学依据
最近，关于“新能源汽车辐射强，长时间驾驶不利于身体健康”等说法在网上传播，引发不少车主和消费者担忧。事实如何？记者进行了求证。
全国乘用车市场信息联席会秘书长崔东树表示，上述说法没有科学依据。首先，法律法规对新能源汽车电磁辐射强度有具体限定。其次，新能源汽车是全球汽车产业共同的发展方向，放眼来看，全球范围内几乎没有出现过相关案例。
据悉，辐射分为电离辐射和非电离辐射。人们谈之色变的核辐射就属于电离辐射。2017年，电离辐射被世界卫生组织列入一类致癌物清单。新能源汽车电池、电机，以及车内电子电气设备工作时产生的是电磁辐射，属于非电离辐射。非电离辐射在日常生活中无处不在，如可见光、紫外线、声辐射、热辐射和低频电磁辐射等。
从阳光到雷电，从家用电器到手机，无时无刻不在释放辐射，却很少会有人担心。为什么新能源汽车辐射反而受到更多关注？“之所以出现此类传言，主要是因为新能源汽车属于新事物，人们对其了解程度不够。”崔东树说。
国家政策法规对电磁辐射有严格的限值要求，包括新能源汽车在内的任何车辆，在上市前都要进行“EMC测试”，即对电子产品在电磁场方面干扰大小和抗干扰能力的综合评定。2017年12月1日，《电动车辆的电磁场发射强度的限值和测量方法》正式实施；2019年7月1日，《车辆电磁场相对于人体暴露的测量方法》实施。同时，中国汽车技术研究中心还建立了《EV-TEST(电动汽车测评)管理规则》，其中也有人体电磁防护专项评测类目。
不止于此，汽车企业对于新能源汽车的电磁辐射也做到了层层防护。据小鹏汽车技术团队人员介绍，他们在汽车电磁辐射防护方面，从设计之初就进行了多方位考量，比如高压零部件会以金属外壳屏蔽辐射，高压线则选用双层屏蔽电缆，并保证高压大电流线不进入乘员舱。
有业内人士表示，新能源汽车产生的电磁辐射强度与传统燃油车相差无几。新能源汽车产生的电磁辐射主要集中在300kHz以下的低频区域，国标对于低频磁场的辐射安全标准限值定为100μT，电场辐射安全标准为5000V/m。据多方测试，目前新能源汽车在大部分工况时，车内不同位置的磁场辐射值都在1μT以下，仅为安全限值的百分之一。
另外，记者也查询到由北京市科学技术协会、北京市委网信办、首都互联网协会指导的2023年12月“科学”流言榜也对“新能源汽车辐射强会致癌”等类似说法给出了解答：该说法没有科学依据。(中国经济网记者 郭跃)（文章来源 ：经济日报）
三星、SK海力士及美光2024年上半年稼动率全面调升
AI带动存储需求，三星、SK海力士及美光2024年上半年稼动率全面调升，三星第一季自77％上修至81％，第二季将续由85％上修至89％；SK海力士第一季由92％上修至94％，第二季续上修至95％；美光第一季则由95％上修至98％。产业界人士认为，原厂的稼动率及资本支出的上修，主要是反映库存去化已完成，而自2023年第四季起，手机及PC需求转佳，加上AI崛起后，AI服务器、AI PC及AI手机陆续上市，带动对存储需求上升。预计三大供应商减产将持续至2024年中，且资本支出和产出将聚焦于利润较佳产品如高频宽存储（HBM）和DDR5。（文章来源：财联社）
澳大利亚北领地遭遇洪水 部分地区发布紧急警报
澳大利亚北领地多个地区近日遭遇洪水，造成断电、通信中断和道路交通受阻。当地时间21日，北领地南部社区卡尔卡林吉（Kalkarindji）应急部门发布了紧急警报。此外，由于维多利亚河上游水位持续上升，北领地首府达尔文市与南澳州首府阿德莱德之间的铁路被破坏，达尔文市的物资供应也受到影响。（文章来源：财联社）
俄副总理：2023年俄罗斯游客规模初步估计超过7500万人次
俄罗斯副总理德米特里切尔内申科在俄罗斯论坛展览期间就体育和旅游日致辞时表示，2023年，俄罗斯旅游规模初步估计超过7500万人次，高于2019年疫情前的水平。（文章来源：财联社）
全球头号产铜国智利上调铜价预估
鉴于美联储降息前景以及摆脱化石燃料的转型过程带来需求增长，全球最大的铜产国智利上调对铜价的预估。铜业委员会Cochilco于1月15日表示，预计今年平均价格为每磅3.85美元，高于之前预估的3.75美元。该机构预计明年铜均价为3.90美元。铜价目前约每磅3.78美元。随着美国决策者寻求让利率回归正常，这种线材金属前景正在改善。电动汽车销售加速也刺激了对铜的额外需求。这些因素抵消了全球地缘政治风险上升带来的不利影响。今年全球铜产量料将增长5.8%，超过需求3.2%的增幅，导致供应小幅过剩。当然，如果，回到供应过剩的前景很容易受到供应面令人失望的影响。Cochilco表示，智利产量今年料将增长5.7%，明年料将增长6.4%，继续保持头号产铜国的地位。（文章来源：：金融界）
车企“下海”！电池“登船”！谁在抢占这一绿色转型行业
摘要：从2024年开年市场表现来看，内河船舶零碳航运提速、船舶厂电池容量提升、整车厂“下海”，电池厂“登船”进展也在提速，一众玩家正积极抢占船舶绿色转型赛道。
工信部数据显示，2023年，全国造船完工量4232万载重吨，同比增长11.8%；新接订单量7120万载重吨，同比增长56.4%；手持订单量13,939万载重吨，同比增长32.0%。
2023年，我国造船完工量、新接订单量和手持订单量以载重吨计分别占全球总量的50.2%、66.6%和55.0%，以修正总吨计分别占47.6%、60.2%和47.6%，各项指标国际市场份额均保持世界第一。
在2023年7月，国际海事组织（IMO）宣布通过“2023年船舶温室气体减排战略”，明确了“国际海运温室气体排放尽快达峰，并考虑到不同国情，在2050年前后达到净零排放”的远期目标。
双碳目标下，为加速国际航运和造船业脱碳进程，加快我国船舶制造业绿色转型，2023年12月底，工信部等五部委联合印发《船舶制造业绿色发展行动纲要（2024-2030年）》（简称：行动纲要），其中提出到2025年，到2025年，船舶制造业绿色发展体系初步构建。到2030年，船舶制造业绿色发展体系基本建成。
在构建绿色船舶产品体系方面，行动纲要提出，加快形成绿色船舶谱系化供给能力，推动沿海内河船舶电气化改造工程试点，积极稳妥推动具备条件的客船、货船、工程船、渔船等LNG、电池动力船型研发和示范应用等。行动纲要还提出，加快绿色动力系统研发应用，积极稳妥扩大燃料电池、动力电池在船舶的应用范围等。
除了政策推动，还有出口市场强劲需求。
据海关总署数据显示，2023年，我国电动载人汽车、锂离子蓄电池和太阳能电池等“新三样”产品合计出口1.06万亿元，首次突破万亿大关，增长29.9%。
中汽协数据显示，2023年，我国汽车整车出口491万辆，同比增长57.9%，有望成为全球第一大汽车出口国。
2023年，我国新能源汽车出口达120.3万辆，同比增长77.6%；动力和其他电池合计累计出口达152.6GWh，占前12月累计销量20.9%。
“继2021及2022年签订共计115艘、合85万标准车位订单之后，2023年新签订单达到了80艘、合67万标准车位。”克拉克森发布的研报指出，从全球范围来看，中国船厂已经拿下了全球绝大部分新增汽车运输船订单。
据克拉克森统计，目前在汽车运输船领域，手持订单排名前八位均为中国船企，依次为广船国际29艘、招商局重工（江苏）28艘、招商工业南京金陵27艘、中集来福士18艘、外高桥造船16艘、招商工业威海金陵10艘、厦船重工9艘、江南造船8艘。
近日，研究机构EVTank、伊维经济研究院联合中国电池产业研究院共同发布的《中国电动船舶行业发展白皮书（2024年）》显示，截至2023年年底，中国电动船舶保有量已经超过700艘，当年新增船舶数量已经超过200艘，带动船舶用锂电池出货量达到0.61GWh，同比增长80%以上，成为锂电池下游应用领域增速较快的行业之一。
另外，从2024年开年市场表现来看，内河船舶零碳航运提速、船舶厂电池容量提升、整车厂“下海”，电池厂“登船”进展也在提速，一众玩家正积极抢占船舶绿色转型赛道。
1月18日下午，在上海市交通委员会和上海海事局的指导下，浦东新区航运服务办公室携手浦东海事局在白莲泾码头“申城之光”号江船上举办“打造‘浦东绿色智慧航运生态’合作倡议发布暨首批零碳纯电集装箱船舶签约仪式”。
上海市首个批量内河纯电零碳集装箱船项目正式落地。作为国内首次使用“船电分离、电池银行”的商业模式，该项目的启动作为绿色金融与绿色航运“产融结合”发展的新探索，将开启浦江零碳货运新篇章。
1月17日，上汽集团委托中国船舶集团建造的首艘远洋汽车运输船（滚装船），正式定名为“上汽安吉申诚号”，并开启首航。这艘200米长、38米宽、13层楼高的远洋巨轮，拥有7600车位、排水量超过4万吨，采用LNG双燃料清洁动力。首艘远洋汽车运输船将首批搭载上汽、东风和宇通的自主品牌新车驶向欧洲。
这艘名为“上汽安吉申诚号”的远洋巨轮，计划“常驻”欧洲航线和澳新航线，年运能约3万台。
1月15日，全球首制700TEU纯电池动力集装箱船“中远海运绿水01”轮的姊妹船“中远海运绿水02”轮在扬州海事局海巡艇的精心护航下，由扬州中远海运重工码头开航至仪征捷水道水域开展为期3天的试航。
据悉，该系列船舶设计总长119.8米，电池容量57600kWh，是全球电池容量最大的纯电船型，使用国际首创的多集装箱之间换电方式，配载36只可更换式船用集装箱式电池作为动力源，推进功率达到2*900千瓦。该船型还运用智能运维、智能辅助驾驶、可视化航道预警等智能化技术，大大提高了船舶安全航行能力。
1月12日，宁德时代宣布，福建宁德市首艘电动观光游船“东湖之星”在福建宁德东侨区东湖水域交付，该电动船系全国首艘配备直翼舵桨并入级中国船级社“绿色船舶-3”标志的电动船舶。
“东湖之星”船长27米、宽6米、型深1.6米，采用宁德时代船用动力电池系统，可容纳58名乘客，设计最大航速≥15km/h，已经投入运营。这是福建省首艘取得中国船级社“绿色船舶－3”符号的电动船舶，也是宁德市首艘电动观光游船，主要用于宁德东湖游览观光。
除“东湖之星”外，全球载电量最大的纯电动旅游客船“长江三峡1”号、中国首艘油电混合双动力大型滨海旅游观光船“大湾区一号”等也均搭载了宁德时代船用动力电池系统。
宁德时代表示，公司是全球首家电动船舶全生命周期解决方案提供商。目前，全球已有500多艘搭载宁德时代船用动力电池的新能源船舶投入应用。
1月10日及1月15日，比亚迪“EXPLORER NO.1”汽车运输滚装船分别在山东港口烟台港、深汕小漠国际物流港两地举行了交船、首航仪式。
据悉，本次首航的EXPLORER NO.1是比亚迪的第一艘汽车滚装运输船，长199.9米，拥有7000个标准车位，应用了最新LNG双燃料动力技术，适应多元航线需求，适装各种新能源车辆。
比亚迪表示，未来两年内，比亚迪还有另外7艘滚装船陆续投入运营，比亚迪储能电池技术、轴带发电机系统将在船上得到应用，全面践行比亚迪绿色可持续发展的环保理念。仪式期间，首批运输的出口车辆有条不紊地装船，最终达到满载状态。
1月7日，国轩高科全资子公司合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司（以下简称：合肥国轩）与奇瑞汽车股份有限公司（以下简称：奇瑞汽车）签署战略合作协议。双方拟在乘用车及商用车领域展开全方位合作，共同开拓新能源汽车市场。
根据协议，双方拟围绕奇瑞汽车旗下乘用车、大巴、物流车、重卡等车用项目展开全方位合作，合肥国轩将作为主要供应商全面参与项目开发与供货；奇瑞汽车将积极导入国轩三代电芯等先进电池技术，并在电池平台化、电芯一致性与安全、电池大数据等方面加强与国轩合作；在储能、电动船舶等新业务领域，双方将共同探索创新业务模式；双方将利用各自在国际市场的竞争优势，共同拓展海外新能源市场；双方还将在ESG、低碳减排方面加强合作，共同提高品牌美誉度与市场知名度。
结语：中国新能源汽车出口火爆，带动了相关国际航运市场快速增长，同时，绿色金融与绿色航运探索下，内河船舶零碳航运提速。
各方入局之下，电动船舶领域需求正快速增长。
随着锂电池在动力电池和储能电池的大规模应用，其成本的快速下降将进一步降低电动船舶的初始成本。同时，随着岸线的充换电基础设施的不断升级和完善，叠加大规模船舶换电技术、高压快充技术、融资租赁创新方案的发展和应用，EVTank预计，中国电动船舶的保有量在2025年将达到1520艘，2030年将超过1万艘。
EVTank在白皮书中表示，电动船舶和船舶换电的快速发展将带动对锂电池的需求量快速增长，预计到2025年船舶用锂电池将达到1.4GWh，2030年将达到21.9GWh。（文章来源：我的电池网）
（部分资料来源：澳洲金融评论 澳大利亚人报 RBA）
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发表于 2024-1-22 11:50:03
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