高考英语阅读：如何抓文章主旨大意

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　　准高三的同学们，暑期过半，不知道是否已经准备好了迎接高三的学习生活？下面整理了高考英语阅读：抓主旨大意的技巧，供同学们参考。更多知识点可关注下北京新东方的高中听说读写拔高住宿班课程，综合“听力、口语、阅读、写作、词汇、语法和文化素质拓展”模块，提升学生英语综合能力，帮助学生应对不断变化的各类应用需求，逐渐回归语言本质。
　　高考英语阅读：抓主旨大意的技巧
　　这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。
　　一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：
　　1.确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic)
　　标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即：1、独特新颖 2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。
　　常见的标题型题干：
　　1) The best title/ headline for this passage might be________.
　　2) The text (passage) could be entitled ______.
　　3) What is the best title for the passage？
　　4) What’s the topic of the article？
　　如：In the 1930s， a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However， he was not completely satisfied with the game， so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.
　　Q： The text is mainly about________.
　　A. Lexico B. Three men C . A word game D. Alfred Butts.
　　【解题思路】答案A 和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。
　　2.主题句(topic sentence)及主旨大意(main idea)的概括
　　一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释，说明，论证或扩展.
　　常见的主题句和主旨型题干：
　　1) What is the topic sentence of the passage？
　　2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.
　　3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage？
　　4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage？
　　如：Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and， later， Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami， Florida.
　　Q： What is the main idea of the passage？
　　A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.
　　C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.
　　解题思路 此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 C。