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其实已经有好几个帖子讨论这个问题了，从10年的一直到去年的都有，不想挖坟，还是开新帖吧。
开新帖的原因，是因为过去几个帖子的解读里有一些根本的错误。
首先介绍下背景，简单来说，不管你是什么签证来澳洲的（付费父母移民也好，排队的也好，普通技术移民也好），绝大多数非难民签证持有人，都要满足Age Pension的Residence requirements：
On the day you submit your claim, you must be:
an Australian resident, andphysically present in Australia
, unless you:
are a refugee or former refugeewere getting Partner Allowance, Widow Allowance or Widow B Pension immediately before turning age pension age, orare a woman whose partner died while you were both Australian residents, and you have been an Australian resident for 2 years immediately before claiming Age Pension
当中这段加粗的文字，就是大家曾经争议的焦点，很多人说，这意味着必须有5年连续在澳洲，一天都不能离开过。
从字面看，似乎是这个意思，但也不通人情，要知道，这个规定可不仅仅是针对移民的，哪怕是土生土长的澳洲人，也要满足这个条件。若是一个小孩，从出生起，每两三年就出国玩一次，岂不是永远也拿不到Age Pension了？
其实和移民局网站一样，Centrelink 网站上的内容，并不是绝对的，说到底，还是法律说了算。今晚抽了点时间，翻了翻Social Security Act 1991，找了下规定的原文，节选相关内容如下：
43 Qualification for age pension
A person is qualified for an age pension if the person has reached pension age and any of the following applies:
the person has ;
...
关于Australian residence的定义：
7 Australian residence definitions
In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:
Australian resident has the meaning given by subsection .
...
An is a person who:
resides in Australia; and
is one of the following:
an Australian citizen;
the holder of a permanent visa;
a special category visa holder who is a protected SCV holder.
...
:
the nature of the accommodation used by the person in Australia; and
the nature and extent of the family relationships the person has in Australia; and
the nature and extent of the person’s employment, business or financial ties with Australia; and
the nature and extent of the person’s assets located in Australia; and
the frequency and duration of the person’s travel outside Australia; and
any other matter relevant to determining whether the person intends to remain permanently in Australia.
...
A person has if and only if:
the person has, at any time, been an for a continuous period of not less than 10 years; or
the person has been an Australian resident during more than one period and:
at least one of those periods is 5 years or more; and
the aggregate of those periods exceeds 10 years.
感叹下，澳洲法律到处都是交叉引用啊。Section 43要求申请人满足十年合规澳洲居住条件。Section 7的具体定义了怎么样算满足Age Pension的十年居住条件，里面提到了，必须是"Australian resident"，但在本法中"Australian resident"有其特殊定义，Section 7的定义了"Australian resident"，Section 7的定义了一个人是否居住在澳洲必须考虑的因素，例如在澳洲的住宿安排、在澳洲的家庭关系、离开澳洲的频率和时长等等。换句话说，
关于这一点，Department of Social Services的Guide to Social Security Law有具体的解读，和举例：
Example 1: Derek is single, aged 56, and has spent the last 2 years in Thailand as he prefers the climate and cost of living. He initially went for a short holiday and when he came back he rented out his furnished property in Australia on an indefinite basis and took on a long term lease of an apartment in Thailand. He is not employed. He keeps in contact with extended family by phone and has a return trip booked to Australia for medical treatment. He has to renew his Thai visa every year and does not consider himself to be a resident of Thailand because he is not eligible for a permanent visa there. He plans to return to Australia one day and for this reason has not sold his house.
Derek's argument that he does not have a permanent visa to stay in Thailand does not override the fact that he spends the majority of his time living in Thailand. Based on the duration of his absence and the fact that his plans to return to live in Australia are vague, at this point in time he is considered to be residing in Thailand.
Example 2: John and Belinda are both retired and have rented out their home in Australia for 2 years while they are in Europe. Their vehicle is on loan to John's brother in Australia who is looking after their furniture. They have purchased a townhouse in Perugia in Italy for their daughter who will be studying at a nearby university for 4 years and they see it as a good investment. They plan to have an extended holiday in Europe after their daughter has settled into her first year of study. They have a firm plan to return to Australia at the end of the 2 years as John expects to be doing contract work for his previous employer. Due to the fact that their plans in Europe are for a defined period and a short term purpose and there is other supporting evidence, they are considered to still be residing in Australia.
例子1没什么好说的。例子2中的两人有2年的时间几乎都在欧洲旅游，但这段时间依旧被认定为"residing in Australia"，具体解释看原文。（请注意两段内容的对比，这里的"still be residing in Australia"指的是人实际在境外的时间。）
Example 1: Monique was born in Switzerland and was living there when she met and became engaged to an Australian man Evan who had been living and working in Switzerland for 2 years. She took leave without pay from her employer in Switzerland and accompanied Evan to Australia on a tourist visa when his father was critically ill. While here Evan's father died and Evan inherited his father's estate including the business and substantial real estate investments. Although Monique only came to Australia for a short visit she now expects to be staying for several months longer while Evan looks after his father's business. They have a rental apartment in Switzerland and both Evan and she are planning to go back to Switzerland to resume their jobs when they can finalise the estate and find a manager for the business. Despite Evan's inherited assets in Australia, Monique and Evan are both considered to be residing in Switzerland due to their ties in Switzerland and the temporary nature of their visit to Australia.
Example 2: Marjory has been in Vietnam for a year while her husband is receiving health treatment there. They are staying in leased accommodation and gave up their leased accommodation in Australia. They sold their furniture and car to help finance the trip. All Marjory's family live in Australia and she can't wait to get back as she has not been able to participate in the care of her niece as usual. The fact that the couple no longer have assets in Australia does not overturn the weight of the other evidence - in particular the purpose and duration of their trip to Vietnam and the fact they have not built up any assets in Vietnam. The couple are considered to still be residing in Australia.
另一组例子。这个例子2里的Marjory因丈夫接受医疗治疗在越南待了一年，但考虑到资产等因素，这对夫妻依然被考虑为"still be residing in Australia"。
Social Security Act 1991中的"Australian resident"有其独特定义，申请人在境外的时间也可能符合"Australian resident"的定义。实际申请中，并非所有Centrelink员工都熟悉相关法律，但一般3个月内（亦有说6周内）的短期出境不影响居住期的计算，时间更长的离境，必须提供更多材料证明。如果申请人自认为已符合10年居住条件，但被Centrelink拒绝，可填写SS351表要求复议，复议时合理引用相关法律条款，有很大机会可以复议成功。
关于贡献类父母移民在10年等待期内的福利，之前也有过一些争议。目前比较肯定的有：
1、满足低收入等条件的，在2年等待期后，可以申领Low Income Health Care Card，主要是PBS药物优惠，各州的电力、煤气补贴等，其本身不发福利金。
2、满足低收入、上一财年居住满46周等条件，在2年等待期结束后的财年后，可以申请Low Income Supplement，有$300的补贴，每财年可申请一次。不受AoS担保影响（不属于AoS担保下的Recoverable Payment/Benefit）。
3、符合年龄条件的（一般是60），可申请所在州的Seniors Card，享受交通、购物等折扣。
4、符合年龄条件的，可以申请Commonwealth Seniors Health Card，功能和Low Income Health Care Card差不多，但允许有更高的收入。
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发表于 2015-9-8 16:15:49
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